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Ignatz Waghalter
Ignatz Waghalter (15 March 1881 – 7 April 1949) was a Polish-German composer and conductor.
==Early years==
Waghalter was born into a poor but musically-accomplished Jewish family in Warsaw. His eldest brother, Henryk Waghalter (1869-1961), became a renowned cellist at the Warsaw Conservatory.〔''Cello Tradition in Warsaw'' http://www.lutoslawski-cello.art.pl/en/tradi.htm〕 Wladyslaw (1885-1940), the youngest Waghalter brother, became a noted violinist.〔''Kleines biographisches Lexicon der Violinisten'', by Friedrich Frick,(2009) p. 553.〕 Ignatz Waghalter made his way to Berlin at the age of 17 where he first studied with Philipp Scharwenka. Waghalter came to the attention of Joseph Joachim, the great violinist and close friend of Johannes Brahms. With the support of Joachim, Waghalter was admitted into the Berlin Akademie der Künste, where he studied composition and conducting under the direction of Friedrich Gernsheim. Waghalter’s early chamber music revealed an intense melodic imagination that was to remain a distinctive characteristic of his compositional work. An early ''String Quartet in D Major'', Opus 3, was highly praised by Joachim. Waghalter’s ''Sonata for Violin and Pianoforte in F Minor'', Opus 5, received the prestigious Mendelssohn-Preis in 1902, when the composer was only 21.〔Waghalter ''Aus dem Ghetto in die Freiheit'' (Marienbad, 1936)〕
In 1907 Waghalter secured a post as conductor at the Komische Oper in Berlin, assisting Arthur Nikisch, where his reputation grew rapidly. This was followed by a brief tenure at the ''Grillo-Theater'', the Stadttheater in Essen (1911–12). Waghalter’s appointment as principal conductor at the new Deutsche Opernhaus in Berlin established his position as a major figure in German music. The house was inaugurated under Waghalter’s direction on 7 November 1912 with a performance of ''Fidelio''. Waghalter championed the music of Giacomo Puccini, whose operas had previously failed to win public acceptance in Germany. The first performance of Puccini's ''La Fanciulla del West'' in Germany was conducted by Waghalter in March 1913 at the Deutsche Opernhaus. Its triumphant reception secured for Puccini's operas a permanent place in the repertoires of Germany's opera houses. Waghalter also conducted the German debut performances of Tosca and La Bohème, and also of Ralph Vaughan Williams' second symphony in 1923.〔''Musical Times'', March 1, 1923.〕
Three of Waghalter’s own operas received their premier at the Deutsche Opernhaus: ''Mandragola'', based on a Renaissance comedy by Machiavelli, in January 1914, which was booked for a European tour but was abandoned with the outbreak of the First World War;〔''Signale'', January, 1914.〕 ''Jugend'', based on the tragic realistic work by the German dramatist Max Halbe, in February 1917; and ''Sataniel'', inspired by a Polish fantasy tale, in May 1923. The fervent melodicism of these works marked Waghalter as among the most lyrical of German operatic composers in the pre-1933 era.
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